Describe and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression? Essay

Deindividualisation is the point at which somebody loses their feeling of character and draws in themselves in shameless things. The hypothesis of deindividualisation proposes that when an individual is associated with a group they act like the group for example for example, football crooks. Similarly as the adage goes you are what you wear or eat can be applied here for example you are upon what your group or friends are upon. Le Bon suggested that there were various variables that lead a person to turn out to be mentally changed in a group. One being staying unknown in the group for example when you’re around many individuals you are probably not going to be spotted. Zimbardo anyway contended with Le Bon saying that deindividualisation is a consequence of decreased obligation, expanded excitement, tactile over-burden and modified awareness. Exploration concentrate into deindivialistion †Zimbardo jail experiment Aim: To research whether situational or dispositional factors are what make us aggressive. Procedure: 24 genuinely stable men were selected There were 2 gatherings one was monitors and the other one was prisoners.  Zimbardo changed the personality of detainees by giving them numbers, and being alluded to by numbers. Zimbardo additionally changed the character of gatekeepers by making them wear military garments. They conveyed whistles, cuffs etc†¦ Findings:  Even however the earth was fake watchmen detainees despite everything obeyed and responded brutal. Situational instead of dispositional in light of the fact that they were typical caring men. AO2 †Evaluation of Zimbardo et al study  High natural legitimacy because of the way that the earth and the conduct were reasonable. Despite the fact that the set up was fake, the animosity or lost personality was fairly peculiar despite the fact that all men knew it’s a phony set up. Study demonstrated high limits of hostility and conduct when character is lost. Negative Unethical in light of the fact that outrageous damage either verbal or physical was afflicted. Sample was unrepresantable on the grounds that it just included men. AO1 Research into Deindiviualistion †Diener et al †stunt or treat experiment. Aim: to research whether youngsters take, when in gatherings or separately. Procedure:â â 27 ladies were approached to give 1000 desserts to kids during Halloween night  Some of the kids were all alone while others were in groups.  The ladies would open the entryway and imagine that a call came and train carefully for the youngsters to just take one sweet each  A shrouded eyewitness saw whether they complied. Findings:â children were bound to take in a gathering when they are left anonymous. AO2 †Evaluation of experiment Positive High biological legitimacy since analyze was done in a genuine domain and an enormous example was used. Negative Only kids were utilized, would grown-ups do the same? Study just demonstrated taking minimal minor stuff, for example, desserts, would it be same for example in bank burglary? Â

Socrates and his theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Socrates and his hypotheses - Essay Example In opposition to different logicians, Socrates committed his life to serve his kin without charging expenses (Plato 34). In this manner, to express that Socrates had no or little investment of popular government in Athenian government is totally evident. Socrates apparent just type of administration as degenerate, crooked, and he significantly contrasted with its belief systems. As a logician, Socrates had confidence in common sense and basic intuition with the goal for one to improve their life. He contradicted the possibility of the greater part being in government, which is one of the essentials that structure a majority rule government. As indicated by Pericles, Socrates absence of acknowledgment in equity through cooperation of the lion's share makes him less a law based resident (Plato 40). Cleon as depicted by Thucydides was a tenacious supporter of the law based arrangement of government. In his discourse Cleon, maintains the negative parts of the Athenian standards. Cleon fi rmly accepted that any individual who restricted the Athenian government is dependent upon discipline (Thucydides 25). Cleon conveyed his discourse restricting the Mytilenian rebel against Athens. In his discourse, Cleon accentuated on specific parts of popular government talked about by Pericles in his well known burial service address. These viewpoints incorporate the execution of the death row sentence. It is my supposition that as much as Cleon persuaded Athenians through his discourse that vote based system is the response to harmony, request and correspondence. Be that as it may, it is fundamental to think about the assessment of the minority for majority rules system to be successful and adequate. Socrates didn't bolster Athenian law based government as a result of its numbness of the minority. Actually, he thought of it as an instrument of persecution. Socrates would profoundly differ with Cleon’s discourse loaded with narcissistic cases for vote based government. Thi s is on the grounds that in his discourse Cleon doesn't make reference to the establishment of virtues among the residents to guarantee precision. Or maybe, he underlines on the execution of the law whether it is simply or predisposition (Thucydides 30). His discourse contrasts Socrates faith in the intensity of information and basic speculation instead of observing and serving the law indiscriminately (Plato 56). In his discourse Diodotus, worried on the significance of thinking before actualizing a standard. Diodotus inclinations the Athenian parliament to reason and plan before passing a judgment on the Mytilenian transformation. Diodotus restricted Cleon who remained by the guidelines of law. It is my understanding that Diodotus understood that system and thoughtfulness are fundamental in usage of intensity or rules. As on account of Athens, they confronted a test in incorporating different states in their arrangement of administration. This was aftereffect of absence of procedu re and judgment (Thucydides 50). Diodotus in his discourse contended that by savvy thinking Athenians would unpretentiously stifle different states without the utilization of power. Diodotus contention agrees with Socrates standards of administration and force. Much the same as Diodotus, Socrates put stock in reasonable clash unraveling techniques. In addition, in his speculations Socrates expresses that, through basic thinking, a state can accomplish anything it plans to secure without the utilization of power. Socrates additionally trusted in information as an apparatus for self-improvement. Be that as it may, Diodotus and Socrates contrasted regarding investment in governmental issues. Diodotus was a functioning figure in strategy making while Socrates worried about securing of information (Kamtekar 80). On account of the Mytilenian banter, Diodotus

Probable vs. Possible

Plausible versus Conceivable Plausible versus Conceivable Plausible versus Conceivable By Mark Nichol What’s the distinction among plausible and conceivable? Carefully, they’re random, however in mainstream use, their qualification is just one of degree. Conceivable the thing structure is probability implies â€Å"having the potential.† (Potential, alongside the last word’s root, strong, shares an etymological beginning with the previous word.) Possible stems from the Latin expression possibilis, which gets thusly from force, which implies â€Å"power† or â€Å"to be able.† Posse itself was obtained into English from the Medieval Latin expression gang comitatus, which actually implies â€Å"power of the county.† (This term, later abbreviated to force, alluded to the authority of a neighborhood authority to recruit men to react to a crisis; such a nominated detail includes in numerous works of recorded or printed fiction in the western sort, yet now, the term is most ordinarily heard as a funny slang equivalent word for a celebrity’s escort or entourage or anyone’s gathering of companions.) Plausible, which implies â€Å"likely,† originates from the Latin expression probabilis, which itself comes from probare, which means â€Å"to support, demonstrate, or test.† Related words alluding to the main sense incorporate approval and integrity; substantiate itself is similar to likely, as is test. Likelihood is the term for the part of science managing possibility and is utilized in rationale to allude to how much two proclamations affirm one another. Plausible alludes to what is probably going to be done, to happen, or to be valid; conceivable alludes to what should be possible, to happen, or to be valid. On the off chance that you state something is plausible, you are communicating more certainty about it than if you express that it is conceivable. Be that as it may, the differentiation is huge: It is conceivable, for instance, for anybody to turn out to be breathtakingly well off, however the likelihood is limitlessly factor. Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words classification, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Yours reliably or Yours sincerely?Is There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?How Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Confucianism in Chinese and Japanese Accounting Systems free essay sample

In this paper we will examine how the impact of Confucianism has straightforwardly influenced both China and Japan in a social and financial sense. After a short conversation of Confucianism and the historical backdrop of East Asian bookkeeping we will completely inspect the outcomes of these countries systems post 2005. We will talk about how these occasions have changed the Chinese and Japanese bookkeeping frameworks of today and how Confucianism is the hidden factor in these changes. The meaning of Confucianism Confucianism expounds on the estimations of reliability, obedient devotion, trustworthiness, consideration, exemplary nature, ceremonies, and honesty. This regulation was created more than 2000 years prior by Confucius, who gave a to direct individuals to managing a wide range of crisis’s utilizing right good lead and the correct conduct later on (Aiken, 1998). Essentially, Confucius gave a system to distinguish what is correct and sublime, particularly for urging individuals keep on accomplishing their destinations when they face misfortune. Likewise, he recommended that both the rulers and the controlled could set up specific relations so as to diminish antagonistic connections (Gao, Handley-Schachler, 2003). In the hypothesis there is an accentuation on change, which implies everything is changing constantly and even individuals have a place with this dynamic procedure (Tang, 2000). Individuals will interrelate with one another and can't live alone. Confucius expresses that the public government assistance is a higher priority than personal circumstances. Confucianism likewise stresses that instruction assumes a noteworthy job in the public arena. It forsakes segregation and furthermore can encourage the improvement of society and the development in the economy (Aiken, 1998). It favors showing moral practices and moral practice; for example, everyday citizens generally productively regard moral models as opposed to government’s orders. Notwithstanding, it can likewise be genuine that people are affected by law and declarations, which forces individuals to just focus on authoritative document. As per People’s Republic of China (2001), rivalry is a basic and significant standard in the general public. Be that as it may, rivalry can be seen as â€Å"counterproductive† in the East Asia. This is on the grounds that they accept the most significant standard is collaboration. In the western viewpoint, inspecting has abused the principle precept of Confucianism, which is trust. The idea of straightforwardness can legitimize its auditability by an even minded authenticity. Accordingly, Confucianism accepts that eagerness drives the procedure of business and the reason for a dealer, and the bookkeeper is a disgraceful occupation, particularly for the senior. Ramifications of Confucianism for East Asian bookkeeping According to News Release (2001), the ramifications of Confucianism brings about the bookkeeping framework tending to concentrate on structure and structure. This arrangements with the congruity of conventional practices as opposed to creative systems. In this way, individuals hold fast to customs and century long ceremonies. Confucianism drives individuals to reliability to country, family, companions, and dutiful devotion, which can bring the relationship of nepotism. Nepotism alludes to the mystery of bookkeepers. In the regulation of means from Confucius accentuates of the idea of control. This implies picking a center methodology can be taken to manage vulnerability circumstances. The pathway has been showed in bookkeeping as far as increasingly broad dangers exposure in the distributed yearly report (Aiken, 1998). In East Asian bookkeeping, it likewise follows the principle of means. In view of conservatism, they for the most part concede gains until it is unmistakably feasible. This strategy is an unrefined route for managing drawback hazard and outlining misfortunes soon. Another methodology which generally use in East Asian nations is salary smoothing so as to adapt to vulnerabilities in bookkeeping (People’s Republic of China, 2001). This strategy settles income which is general engaged with hardening the pinnacles and valleys to make stable. It for the most part happens in the presentation of salary estimations. The two methodologies can be considered as a drawn out presentation, which is engaged with Confucianism. The recommendation of complete honesty of Chinese and Japanese monetary report appears to credit to the ideas of trustworthiness and honesty in the Confucianism. Shockingly, genuineness and honesty doesn't happen in either nation. Actually, they don't generally acknowledge the monetary substance in their bookkeeping frameworks. They generally hold fast to the example of authoritative document. In the bookkeeping report, they typically overlook the valuations of reasonable market. Rather, they center around the authentic expenses. In any case, substance over structure is utilized when there is new bookkeeping given in China. Furthermore there is a progressive request, which implies that individuals must think about relations, for example, family funds and business exchanges exist in Chinese society (Tang, 2000). Confucianism beliefs imply that there are no bookkeeping standards and no legislative administering, however it doesn't exist in those nations. Hence, there is a low level of polished skill in the public eye and bookkeepers assume a constrained job in those nations. Chinese Accounting and Confucianism Chinese bookkeeping has been changed from the Mixed Market bookkeeping model to the ongoing bookkeeping model dependent on expanding worldwide business exercises and boosting advancement of culture, economy and governmental issues during the most recent decade. Confucianism, which is the principle wellspring of Chinese culture incorporates perfect, character, ideological idea, feeling of worth and social brain science, impacts various characters of bookkeeping. The change of Chinese bookkeeping Understanding how Chinese bookkeeping has changed in past periods will profit the exploring of the connections among Confucianism and bookkeeping. History shows that Chinese bookkeeping and examining had developed 6,000 years prior and had the most exceptional framework on the planet. Scientists even discovered counts and records noted on wood (Lu W Aiken M 2003, p. 1). In the old time frames, Chinese bookkeeping had low advancement because of governments not focusing or supporting examination in bookkeeping and the general public. The administration didn't view bookkeeping and bookkeepers as parts of an expert action (Lu W Aiken M 2003, p. 1). In late hundreds of years, China has become the second biggest goal of interest on the planet, anyway more prominent yearly bookkeeping and budgetary reports are required for remote financial specialists and loan bosses to draw in progressively outside venture. In this manner, the Chinese bookkeeping model, principles and the arrangement of expert rules have been went with and encouraged to create. The present Chinese bookkeeping framework is based on a juridical premise and orchestrated with different nations. Despite essential bookkeeping standard, components, accounting strategies, or the arrangement of budgetary report, the Chinese bookkeeping fit with outside bookkeeping standards and that has inspired increasingly potential speculators to gain productive data through the perusing of money related reports. The impact of Confucianism in Chinese bookkeeping . ) The Government People in China have been familiar with complying with the administration on the grounds that the idea of delineated society which has been profoundly imparted in the general population. These days, the capacity of Chinese government is wide and solid which incorporates enactment, judicature and organization. Specialists increasing solid force from Confucianism prompts the powerful separation that open will likely dread, appreciate and basically follow choices from the legislature. Subsequently, the legislature, all things considered, chooses the Chinese bookkeeping standards. In the estimation of obligation right, Confucianism lectures that obligation is a higher priority than right. Individuals will be viewed as delicate, good and legitimate on the off chance that they contribute themselves more to society and others. Another vital view from Confucianism, is benefit of aggregate should be viewed as first. This decides China’s solid government a power over the general population. Along these lines, China’s government has a basic job in settling on choices in bookkeeping. 2. ) Accounting Ethics Furthermore, Confucianism stresses reality, for example, characteristic guideline and ational rationale may effectsly affect bookkeeping morals. Confucianism guesses that individuals ought to accept the existence your living as opposed to phantoms, divine beings, and passing, which has become a piece of Chinese standards of conduct. This proof recommends that Chinese won't stress over fault by anyone ethically, or setting off to the damnation and drivi ng divine beings mad after they disrupting the guidelines. In this manner, activity of Chinese bookkeeping framework may have some genuine hindrances in view of the defectiveness of bookkeeping morals. 3. ) Conservatism Conservatism is another fundamental quality of Confucianism. It influences Chinese bookkeepers that are not ready to adapt to the dangers or potential misfortunes from the vulnerability in a business domain. This outcomes from the way that China has changed to a market-situated economy lately. Bookkeeping changes need to accelerate the procedure of advancement and begin having representatives rehearsing how to manage chances so as to give dependable bookkeeping data to both household and worldwide speculators (Lin J Chen F 1999, p. 33). Japanese Accounting and Confucianism The establishment of Japanese bookkeeping norms depends on Commercial Code, which was originated from German Commercial Law (McKinnon, 1986). The Japanese bookkeeping framework has been extraordinarily affected by Confucianism. Regions, for example, accentuating long haul money related execution and looking for consistency in keiretsu, has Confucian roots yet it has not totally clung to Confucianism (Bloom, 2003). Japan has ceaselessly modified the bookkeeping standard since the late 1990’s. This is because of the provisos and shortcomings of the

Sweatshop labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sweatshop work - Essay Example The realities are prove in how 7 percent of exchange the world over today is with fake products. (Thomas, p 2). This sort of assembling of merchandise is engaged with so much disasters as youngster work, damaging conditions, alongside binds to fear based oppression and composed wrongdoing. Law makes reference to how falsifying outcomes in something other than low wages, yet in control and channeling of monies into criminal operations that act like critical dangers to society all in all (Thomas, p. 2) Conditions that kids laborers are made to suffer are awful by any sensible person’s standard. Indeed, it should stun the soul of U.S. purchasers and specialists the same. One model that Dana Thomas found in Thailand was a plant that had little youngsters who were being compelled to make fake totes available to be purchased to the more created terrains, for example, the United States. The youngsters had their legs purposefully broken by sweatshop proprietors and set in such a way, that no mending of the wrecked appendages would happen. The proprietors did this to drive the kids to neutralize their will in the creation of fake merchandise (Thomas, p.1). Propelled countries like America are adding to the issue of sweatshop work and looking for ease products to the detriment of human wellbeing and fairness issues. This is a significant society issue as Jim Hightower focuses to in his article â€Å"The Price of Cheap Goods†. One issue that Hightower calls attention to is that America has such an interest for minimal effort work that basic shields for laborers are being overlooked or circumvent essentially because of monetary interest and weight forever less expensive work costs and higher benefits for the American based organizations (Hightower, p.1) One model that Hightower makes reference to is that exploration at one Hong Kong territory production line found that the laborers at the plant will break or

10 Amazing Canadian Audiobooks for Your Ear-Reading Pleasure

10 Amazing Canadian Audiobooks for Your Ear-Reading Pleasure One of the ways I’ve been able to really up my reading game these past few years is getting heavily into audiobooks. I like to read a fair amount of Canadian authors, especially authors who fit the bill for my queer Canadian book blog, Casey the Canadian Lesbrarian. But trying to combine my new love of audiobooks and my long-standing love of Canadian authors has been difficult. One reason for this is I can’t really afford to buy audiobooks, so I pretty much rely on digital audiobooks through my local library. Obviously, what is available through those channels is limited. But more significantly, there are a lot of great Canadian books that simply don’t exist in audiobook format. This lack only gets more pronounced when you’re talking about Canadian books by authors of color and/or LGBTQ authors. Where are the Canadian audiobooks?? Happily, I’ve been noticing lately that this situation is changing for the better! So I present for you 10 amazing Canadian audiobooks (fiction and nonfiction) now available. Some are new books, some are old, but all are great reads. Canadian audiobooks for the win! [Note: Ive included a few Indigenous authors who live in what we call Canada here, but that doesnt mean they identify as Canadian]. Adult Onset by Ann-Marie MacDonald MacDonald’s most recent novel is a fascinating, riveting book that takes place over one week in the life of a (lesbian) stay-at-home mom in Toronto. Its psychologically rich and complicated, dealing with the stresses of motherhood and remembered trauma of physical illness and familial homophobia. Its painfully real a lot of the time, but often in a way that makes you feel less alone. And in a way that makes you chuckle at the dark humor. MacDonald, who is also an accomplished actress to addition to an author, narrates the audiobook and she is absolutely fabulous. She has a wonderful expressive voice. She also does great different voices and accents (including Cape Breton, Nova Scotia) for different characters. The Conjoined by Jen Sookfong Lee This is an un-put-downable book, part family drama and part mystery. (Although you dont get the tidy resolution you do in traditional mystery, so be warned!) The crux of the story is that as Jessica sorts through her mother’s belongings after her recent funeral, she makes a shocking discovery: two dead girls curled into the bottom of her mother’s freezer. The characters are expertly drawn, all authentic and sympathetic, all far from perfect. Sookfong Lees writing is incisive, thoughtful, and generous. The audiobook voice actor, Sabryn Rock, is pitch perfect, embodying the chilling thrills and family emotional highs and lows. A great book for fans of Megan Abbott. This Accident of Being Lost: Songs and Stories by Leanne Betasamosake Simpson Nishnaabeg writer Leanne Betasamosake Simpson’s most recent collection is just incredible, as I’ve come to expect with her work. This book is a collection of stories and songs/poems. As you might guess, it’s wonderfully diverse in format as it blurs the lines between fiction and nonfiction and poetry and prose. But that diversity is just as prominent in content. In addition to contemporary stories and poems, there are also numerous stories with a futuristic bent. I don’t know how to describe her writing except so beautiful and often very funny! The author, who is also a performer and musician, does the narration in the audiobook. She is lovely with her quietly powerful voice, just a little deadpan sarcastic in the perfect way to match the humor in many of the pieces. The Marrow Thieves by Cherie Dimaline For those of you not in the know about Canadian book stuff, this YA novel by a Metis author won one of our biggest literary awards in 2017 (the Governor General’s Literary Award). Deservedly, obviously. It’s about a post-apocalyptic world ravaged by climate change where settlers hunt Indigenous people for their bone marrow, which gives others the crucial ability they have lost: to dream. Lots of fascinating world-building to be found here! The audiobook production of this smart, moving YA is excellent. Superb narration by Meegwun Fairbrother (who is Ojibway), and some sparse but effective sound effects like cackling fire and mood music. The Best Kind of People by Zoe Whittall Zoe Whittall is one of my favorite (Canadian) authors, and The Best Kind of People is her most recent novel. It’s a bit of a departure from her first two novels, which are all very much in that niche of very queer and very Canadian. There are also queer characters in this one, but it’s set in the States and queerness isn’t so much a focus as is feminism and rape culture. It’s a highly perceptive, character-driven book told from multiple perspectives. The story revolves around a central question: what if one of the men accused in a high profile sexual assault case was your husband or father? Audiobook narrator extraordinaire Cassandra Campbell excels at these kinds of intense stories that center on relationships and the dark complexities of human lives. I’m Afraid of Men by Vivek Shraya This short nonfiction audiobook is actually my current read! I’ve been a fan of Shraya’s work for years now. I was so pleased to see her latest book available as an audiobook. In this extended personal essay, Shraya writes about the damage she has accumulated over the course of her life as a result of misogyny, homophobia, and transphobia. She describes how masculinity was forced on her as a kid, how she had to learn to convincingly perform it to survive (even and perhaps especially in the queer community), and how it still haunts her after coming out as trans. This is a passionate, smart book. It’s also very accessible, a good choice for someone not too well versed in the gender issues Shraya discusses. It’s another author-narrated book, done extremely well by Shraya who also has a background as a performer/musician. A Complicated Kindness by Miriam Toews A Complicated Kindness is one of my all-time favorite books. It’s so exciting that it’s now available as an audiobook! It’s another Governor General Literary Award winner. The novel is a darkly funny coming-of-age story that is alternately full of grief and hope. 16-year-old Nomi lives in a Mennonite (a small sect of fundamentalist Christianity) community in Manitoba. The church has just shunned her mom and sister, which basically shuts them out of every aspect of the community. Nomi’s voice is expertly handled, both in Toews’s written word and in her narration of the audiobook. Beautiful, funny writing and excellent characterization. Lullabies for Little Criminals by Heather O’Neill Heather O’Neill’s debut novel is another old CanLit favorite of mine that has now been made into an audiobook! In fact, there’s a tenth anniversary edition including an introduction read by the author. It’s a story about being a teen essentially living on the streets of Montreal. Told in O’Neill’s deceptively simple style, it’s a book at once innocent, tender, dark, and menacing. O’Neill does an incredible job of drawing the voice of Baby, the young teen caught up in the seedy life of her junkie dad. It takes a talented voice actor to be able to appropriately translate this voice to audiobook. Miriam McDonald gets it right, the peculiar mix of urban savviness and innocence that Baby has on the brink of teenagehood. Saints and Misfits by S.K. Ali This debut YA contemporary novel is by a Toronto author. Saints and Misfits is a beautifully complex book about a Muslim teenage girl dealing with a whole lot of stuff at once. The most pressing and troubling is an attempted sexual assault by a boy in her community. But there’s also her crush on a non-Muslim boy and her continual surprise when her expectations about the people in her life aren’t met (in a good way). What I really appreciated about this book was how the teenage voice felt very authentic. And although it deals seriously with the issue of sexual assault, the book is also often funny and charming. Ariana Delwari has an appropriately young-sounding voice that sounds very genuine as a teenage girl. This authenticity is especially necessary for the first-person narrative. I’ve Been Meaning to Tell You by David Chariandy If you loved Ta-Nehisi Coatess Between the World and Me, you’ll love Chariandy’s most recent non-fiction book. It’s a letter to his daughter about race. Chariandy, who has Black and South Asian ancestry via Trinidad, had been thinking about how to talk about race with his daughter since her question “what happened?” at the age of 3 in response to a racist incident. Addressing her now at age 13, Chariandy writes of his past: both his own lifetime growing up as a racial minority in Canada and his familial and ancestral histories in Trinidad. It’s by looking at the past that he hopes to gift his daughter his love, a sense of responsibility, identity, and possible hope for the future. Appropriately, it’s the author himself who narrates the audiobook with the same power and emotion that obviously went into the writing itself. Check out more audiobook content on Book Riot. Want more Canadian books? Try this list 100 Must-Read Books by Canadian Authors and   Award-Winning Canadian Books from 2017. And add any great Canadian audiobooks you know in the comments! Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Living In Color The Truth Behind Racial Bias in the Criminal Justice System

According to the NAACP, if African Americans and Hispanics were incarcerated at the same rates as whites, prison and jail populations would decline by almost 40%.   Racial bias is undeniably evident in the criminal justice system and is proven by the simple fact that blacks are more likely than whites to go to jail for the same crime.   In addition, people of color must face unfair treatment by law enforcement which precludes them from thriving in society. Due to this, parents of minorities must teach their children to live unnoticed, out of fear that they will be targeted by the police.   These children are forced to have strained childhoods and are unable to grow as freely as white children do. Many efforts to find a resolution to this issue have been made, but nothing has permanently changed the bias within the system. The criminal justice system must be changed to eliminate racial bias during the sentencing process because it is unjust, threatens the lives of minorities, an d strains the childhoods of children of color. Racial bias creates an unjust society for minorities. Unfortunately, â€Å"African Americans are incarcerated at more than five times the rate of whites†, presenting a clear racial disparity in the criminal justice system (NAACP 2).   Even though African Americans are the minority of the nation, they are the majority in prison systems. In addition, Ronald G. Fryer Jr. discusses in his analysis of the racial differences in police, how research has found that blacks and Hispanics are over 50% more likely to experience a form of force in interactions with police (Fryer 7).   Police officers often target those of color unconsciously because they do not realize that they have this bias. Racial bias is often formed through the background in which a person has; therefore, the officer may have been exposed to certain stereotypes about minorities as they grew up (Struyk 8). For this reason, minorities are dealt unfair disadvantages in society, which makes them more susceptible to being incarcerated or killed.   Furthermore, the lives of minorities in the United States are at great risk due to racial stereotyping. In Angelica Delgado’s study on the experiences of Latinos and African Americans with law enforcement, her results showed that institutional racism, specifically that experienced through police brutality, is a social determinant of health (Delgado 2). Negative encounters with law enforcement have profound, life-altering, and long-lasting effects on individuals, families, and communities at large.   Stress is especially a large problem for physical health, as it is often related to higher blood pressure which can lead to heart disease. Also, there is a very significant psychological pressure on people who experience discrimination and prejudice, and that in turn has an affect on their relationships with other people and their families and communities, making them often more difficult and less s atisfactory. Lastly, children of color are unable to live their lives as freely as white children. They are held to higher standards, and normal childlike behavior is often seen as a criminal threat.   This causes children of color to be pushed out, overpoliced, and overprotected (Bernstein 4). Many efforts have been put forth to eliminate racial bias from the criminal justice system. One way is to â€Å"make it a significant political issue and challenge the agencies to become more accountable. This can be done through lawsuits, like the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) chapter in New York sued the New York City government and New York City police department for racial profiling and their stop and frisk policy, and the courts found that those practices were unconstitutional, violated several key rights in the Constitution† (Dunn 5).   Also, African Americans must take action and run for elected positions in government. This is because when they wield more political power and have more elected officials, police departments and those jurisdictions have much less racial profiling. Unfortunately, there are many difficulties in eliminating racial bias because of how different states have different laws. Overall, racial bias can only be eliminated if people work together to change the criminal justice system.   Fairness in the system is one of the crucial justice issues of any period. It is a long standing issue that can be changed.   It is vital that new attempts to change the system are put into action, because minorities will never have the ability to gain the true freedom of an American if they are constantly worried about being harmed or persecuted due to their skin color.   Ã‚  It limits their opportunities to live a satisfactory life, to have access to necessary resources and opportunities to increase their standing in life, to get better educations and jobs, services, and more. It can be difficult to pinpoint exactly how to make a chan ge.   It is not certain whether or not people will stick to and follow through with the change. In order to find the true answers to the issue, the laws which may prohibit the elimination of racial bias must be examined and the roots of the issue amongst communities should be identified.   Ã‚  A precedent needs to be established so that equality is practiced in all states. The repeated cycle of stereotypes must be ended. This starts with finding people who are willing to make a difference within their own communities. It will take conscious effort, specific measures, and time.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"If we bank progress on it and really see change, that will have a huge impact on people’s lives and open up more opportunities and help in many ways. It is the big fight, it’s the big struggle† - Timothy Dunn. Works Cited Bates, Karen Grigsby. â€Å"A Look Back At Trayvon Martin's Death, And The Movement It Inspired.† NPR, NPR, 31 July 2018.  Accessed 5 December 2018 . Beckett, Katherine. â€Å"Race of Death Row Inmates Executed Since 1976.† Death Penalty Information Center, NAACP, 1 Oct. 2018.  Accessed 25 October 2018. Bernstein, Robin. â€Å"Let Black Kids Just Be Kids.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 26 July 2017. Accessed 24 October 2018. Delgado, Angelica. â€Å"Police Brutality: Impacts on Latino and African American Lives and Communities.† Santa Clara University, 2016. Accessed 27 February 2019. Dunn, Timothy. Interview. 3 January 2019. Fryer, Ronald G. â€Å"AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN POLICE USE OFFORCE.† NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES, July 2016. Accessed 27 February 2019. Hetey, Rebecca C., and Jennifer L. Eberhardt. â€Å"The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves: Racial Disparities and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Justice System.† Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 27, no. 3, 2018, pp. 183–187.  Accessed 12 February 2019. Jubile e Project, director. Dear Child - When Black Parents Have To Give "The Talk". Youtube, Jubilee, 3 Nov. 2016. Accessed 17 December 2018. Kirschman, Ellen. â€Å"Pre-Employment Psychological Screening for Cops.† Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 5 Sept. 2017. Accessed 8 November 2018 NAACP. â€Å"Criminal Justice Fact Sheet.† NAACP, 2018, Accessed 5 December 2018 The National Academies Press. â€Å"Race, Crime, and Juvenile Justice: The Issue of Racial Disparity.† Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice , 2001, pp. 228–260. Accessed 27 February 2019. Urban Joy, Promenade Themes, 28 Feb. 2018.  Ã‚  Accessed 17 December 2018. Warrell, Margie. â€Å"A Brave Interview: Raising A Black Child In America.† Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 31 July 2015.  Accessed 24 October 2018. Weitzer, R. â€Å"Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System: Findings and Problems in the Literature.† National Criminal Justice Reference Service, 1996.   Accessed 12 F ebruary 2019.